Column:ÃΤβͤ±¶¶
2017ǯ5·î1Æü¹æ
¡Ö̤Íè¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¡×­¢
ʸÌÀ¸¦µæ½ê¡¡»³ËÜϽš¡½êĹ

20À¤µª¤«¤é·Ñ¾µ¤¹¤Ù¤­¤â¤Î¤Ï?
Îò»Ë³Ø¤Î»ëÅÀ¤«¤é¹Í¤¨¤ë


ÀìÌç¤ÏÆüËܶḽÂå»Ë¤Ç¡¢²áµî¤ò¸¦µæÂоݤȤ·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢Ì¤Íè¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¸ì¤ëµ¡²ñ¤Ï¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¤±¤ì¤É¤â¡¢Îò»Ë³Ø¤Ï²áµî¤ÈÂÐÏ䷤ĤÄ̤Íè¤òŸ˾¤¹¤ë³ØÌä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¡¢¶á¤´¤í¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢Ê¸ÌÀ¸¦µæ½ê¤Ç¤Î³èư¤ò¸ò¤¨¤Ä¤Ä¡¢µ­¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¡£

¼Ò²ñ¤Î¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï³ØÌä¤Î¡Ö̤Íè¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢»ä¤¿¤Á¤¬¸½¤ËÀ¸¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë21À¤µª¤Î¼Ò²ñ¤ä³ØÌä¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¢¤ë¤Ù¤­¤«¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î´ðÁäȤʤë¤Î¤Ï¡¢20À¤µª¤Î¼Ò²ñ¤ä³ØÌä¤Î¤¢¤êÊý¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îǧ¼±¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£

ÆüËܼҲñ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¨¤Ð¡¢20À¤µª¤Ï¡¢1945ǯ8·î¤ÎÇÔÀï¤Çʬ¤±¤ë¤Î¤¬°ìÈÌŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ÇÔÀï°ÊÁ°¤Ï¡¢´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï·³¿Íļ͡¤ä¶µ°éļ¸ì¤Ë¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Å·¹Ä¤Î¸¢°Ò¤¬ÀäÂФȤµ¤ì¡¢¸Ä¿Í¤Î¸¢Íø¤ÏÃø¤·¤¯À©Ì󤵤줿»þÂå¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£Â¾Êý¡¢ÇÔÀï¸å¤Ï¡¢ÀïÁ°¤Î¼Ò²ñ¤Ï·³¹ñ¼çµÁ¤È¤·¤ÆÈÝÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¡£¿··ûË¡¤Ç´ðËÜŪ¿Í¸¢¤¬ÌÀµ­¤µ¤ì¡¢¤Þ¤¿¹ṉ̃¼ç¸¢¤Î¸¶Â§¤Ë¤è¤êÅ·¹Ä¤Ï¹ṉ̃Åý¹ç¤Î¾Ýħ¤È°ÌÃ֤Ť±¤é¤ì¤¿¡£
¡¡
20À¤µª¸åȾ¤Î¼Ò²ñ¤Ï¡¢¿ÓÂç¤Êµ¾À·¤ò¾·¤¤¤¿ÀïÁè¤Ø¤ÎÈ¿¾Ê¤«¤é¡¢´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï¿··ûË¡¤Î²ÁÃʹѤ¬¹ṉ̃¤Î¾ï¼±¤È¤·¤ÆÄêÃ夷¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤è¤«¤í¤¦¡£¤·¤«¤·¶á¤´¤í¡¢¶µ°éļ¸ì¤Î°·¤¤¤ä¡¢¸Ä¿Í¤Î¸¢Íø¤ò¤á¤°¤ëµÄÏÀ¤Ë¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÇÔÀï°ÊÁ°¤Î²ÁÃʹѤؤÎÉüµ¢¤ò¼çÄ¥¤¹¤ëÀ¼¤¬ÌÜΩ¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¿··ûË¡¤ÎÍýǰ¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¿ÊÊâ¼çµÁŪ¤Ê¸ÀÀâ¤È¡¢¶µ°éļ¸ì¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ëÉü¸Å¼çµÁŪ¤Ê¸ÀÀâ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÇÔÀï¤ò¶­¤È¤¹¤ë20À¤µªÆüËܤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Îɾ²Á¤ÏÂоÈŪ¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¡£Îò»Ë³Ø¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Á°¼Ô¤ÎΩ¾ì¤Ë¤è¤ë¸¦µæÄ¬Î®¤Ï¡ÖÀï¸åÎò»Ë³Ø¡×¤È¾Î¤µ¤ì¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬70ǯÂ夢¤ë¤¤¤Ï80ǯÂå¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÆüËܤÎÎò»Ë³Ø¤Î¼çή¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢90ǯÂå°Ê¹ß¤Ï¡¢Îò»Ë¶µ°é¤ÎʬÌî¤òÃæ¿´¤Ë¸å¼Ô¤Î¼çÄ¥¤¬ÂæÆ¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¡¢ÀïÁ°¡¦Àï¸å¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îɾ²Á¤ÏÂоÈŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢ÇÔÀï¤Ë¤è¤ëÃÇÀäÀ­¤ò¶¯Ä´¤¹¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¡¢Î¾¼Ô¤Ï¶¦Ä̤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢ÀïÁ°¡¦ÀïÃæ¡¦Àï¸å¤ÎϢ³¤Î¦Ì̤ò»ØÅ¦¤¹¤ë¸«²ò¤â¤¢¤ë¡£Àï»þ²¼¤Î·ÐºÑÀ¯ºö¤¬Àï¸å¤Î¹âÅٷкÑÀ®Ä¹¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¼çÄ¥¤ä¡¢43ǯ¤«¤é45ǯ¤òÎã³°¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢30ǯÂ夫¤é50ǯÂå¤Ï¼Ò²ñ¤äʸ²½¤ÎÅÀ(¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¾ÃÈñ¤ä¸ä³Ú)¤ÇϢ³¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¼çÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ÃÇÀäÏÀ¤¬À¯¼£Åª¤ÊÏÈÁȤߤÎÊѲ½¤ò½Å»ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢Ï¢Â³ÏÀ¤Ï¼Ò²ñ¤äÆü¾ïÀ¸³è¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëϢ³À­¤ò½Å»ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

ʸÌÀ¸¦µæ½ê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢2016 ǯÅÙ¤«¤é¡Ö20À¤µª¿Íʸ³Ø¤ÎÊýË¡ÏÀŪºÆ¸¡Æ¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥³¥¢¡¦¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ò»Ïư¤µ¤»¤¿¤¬¡¢Á°½Ò¤Î¡ÒÃÇÀä¡Ó¤È¡ÒϢ³¡Ó¤Ç¤¤¤¦¤È¡¢Ï¢Â³¤Î¦Ì̤ò½Å»ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Àï¸åÆüËܤοÍʸ³Ø¤ä¼Ò²ñ²Ê³Ø¤¬¡¢ÀïÁ°¤Î³ØÌä¤Î¤¢¤êÊý¤Ø¤ÎÈ¿¾Ê¤ò¤â¤È¤ËºÆ½Ðȯ¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Î°ÕµÁ¤Ï¡¢ÂçÊÑÂ礭¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢ËÜ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ï¤à¤·¤í¡¢20À¤µª¿Íʸ³Ø¤ËÄÌÄ줹¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¡Ö¶áÂåÃΡפ«¤é¡¢¡Ö¸½ÂåÃΡפؤΞ´¹¤òÁÛÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

19À¤µªÅª¤Ê¹©¶È²½·¿¶áÂå²½¤äµ»½ÑËüǽ¼çµÁ¤Ë¾È±þ¤·¤¿¡¢Ê¬ÀϤò½Å»ë¤¹¤ë²Ê³Ø¼çµÁŪ¿Íʸ³Ø(¶áÂåÃÎ)¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢20À¤µª¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Àº¿À¤Èʸ²½¤ÎÆÈ¼«À­¤ò½Å»ë¤·¡¢ÃÎÀ­¤ËÂФ·¤Æ´¶À­¤ä¿ÈÂÎÀ­¤ÎʬÀϤËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢Áí¹ç¤ä½ö½Ò¤ÎÉü¸¢¤òµá¤á¤ë¸¦µæ(¸½ÂåÃÎ)¤¬¡¢Äìή¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÉúή¤È¤·¤ÆÂ¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î·Ñ¾µ¤¬21À¤µª¿Íʸ³Ø¤Î²ÝÂê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¼Ò²ñ¤Î»Ñ¤Ë¤»¤è¡¢³ØÌä¤ÎÊý¸þÀ­¤Ë¤»¤è¡¢³Æ¿Í¤¬¡¢·Ñ¾µ¤¹¤Ù¤­¤â¤Î¤Ï²¿¤«¤ò¹½ÁÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¡¢¡Ö̤Íè¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤í¤¦¤«¡£

 

¤ä¤Þ¤â¤È¡¦¤«¤º¤·¤²¡¡1959ǯ½©Åĸ©À¸¤Þ¤ì¡£Ë̳¤Æ»Âç³ØÂç³Ø±¡Ê¸³Ø¸¦µæ²ÊÇî»Î²ÝÄøÂà³Ø¡£Æ±Âçʸ³ØÉô¤ò·Ð¤Æ¡¢92ǯ¤è¤êÅ쳤Âç³ØÊ¸³ØÉô»Ë³Ø²ÊÆüËܻ˳ØÀì¹¶(¸½¡¦Îò»Ë³Ø²ÊÆüËÜ»ËÀì¹¶)¤Ë½ê°¡£ÀìÌç¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܶḽÂå»Ë¡£¼ç¤ÊÃø½ñ¤Ë¡¢¡Ø¾å±Û»Ô»ËÊÌÊÔ¼·¡¡Ê¼»ö»ñÎÁ¡Ù(¶¦Ãø)¡¢¡ØÃϰè¤ÎÃæ¤Î·³Ââ9¡¡Ãϰè¼Ò²ñÊÔ¡¡Ãϰè¤ÎÃæ¤Î·³Ââ¤òÌ䤦¡Ù(ÊÔÃø)¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£2016ǯÅÙ¤«¤éʸÌÀ¸¦µæ½ê½êĹ¡£